As a beginner to weightlifting (I assume), you should not think about breaking your body into individual parts, i.e. biceps, triceps, quads, hams, etc. These are called isolation exercises, and won't be effective until you've first built significant mass and strength with compound exercises.
Compound exercises use multiple joints and multiple muscles, and will stimulate the most growth in any weightlifter. They should be the cornerstone of any program. Here are a few essential lifts:
Squat
Deadlift
Dips (or bench)
Chinups (or pullups)
No bodybuilder or powerlifter has ever gotten big and strong without employing the lifts above.
^ I promise you that Arnold did not get strong enough to do those bicep curls without doing these: