Hm, toughy! Well, it depends on what you're eating I suppose if it's a monosaccharide then not long since the digestion of carbohydrate actually starts in your mouth by an enzyme caled amylase. A disaccharide will take a little longer because it must be broken down into a monosaccharide before being utilized. and there are polysaccharides which take even longer to digest, BUT they will release glucose more evenly than simple sugars (monosaccharides) Although, you have enough stored ATP to get you through about 15 minutes of exercise (if were talking about anaerobic) but at the onset of all activity ATP is utilized because it is a very quick source of energy.
So, to answer your question. if it's a simple sugar it is absorbed at once very quickly. if its a di it will take a little longer, poly will take a little longer. But you always have a quick source of stored ATP