One of the most talked about supplements on the market is SWOLE. It's main ingredient is glycocyamine.
Here is some important information about glycocyamine:
EVIDENCE ON THE CARCINOGENICITY OF
N-CARBOXYMETHYL-N-
NITROSOUREA
DRAFT
October 2001
Reproductive and Cancer Hazard Assessment Section
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment
California Environmental Protection Agency
N-Carboxymethyl-N-Nitrosourea October 2001
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
N-Carboxymethyl-N-nitrosourea (CMNU) is a naturally occurring compound that is formed
primarily from the reaction of glycocyamine and nitrite, which are present in the diets of most
individuals. The typical daily dose of CMNU received by humans is unknown, but is expected
to vary widely and depend primarily on nitrite and meat intake.
CMNU administered in the drinking water induced adenocarcinomas of the large and small
intestine in two independent studies, one in male MRC Wistar rats and another in female Donryu
rats. Treatment-related increases in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin were observed in male
rats, and increases in squamous cell oral cavity and Zymbal’s gland tumors were significant by
trend test in female rats. CMNU has not been tested for carcinogenicity in mice.
CMNU is a direct acting mutagen and clastogen. CMNU induced mutations in several strains of
bacteria and caused a wide array of chromosomal aberrations in mammalian cells in vitro.
CMNU bears strong structural resemblance to other N-alkyl-N-nitrosourea compounds (e.g., Nethyl-
N-nitrosourea), which are carcinogenic in rodents, pigs and primates.
Occurrence and Use
CMNU is a naturally occurring N-nitrosourea compound with no known commercial uses.
CMNU is formed from reaction of glycocyamine and nitrite (Yamada et al., 1976;
Yoshikawa et al., 1979). Glycocyamine (also called guanidinoacetate) is the direct metabolic
precursor of creatine (Devlin, 1982) and is present in a variety of mammalian muscle samples
and other foods (Yoshikawa et al., 1979). For example, the average concentration of
glycocyamine in the muscle of untreated rabbits ranged from 7.5 to 17.0 mg per 100 g of tissue
(e.g., ~ 100 ppm) (Melville and Hummel, 1951). Nitrite is a compound produced endogenously,
is added to cured meats as a preservative and color enhancer, and is a common drinking water
contaminant (e.g., from fertilizer runoff to well water sources) (OEHHA, 2000). Nitrite is also
derived from dietary sources of nitrate, since the body readily converts nitrates to nitrites
(OEHHA, 2000). Acidic reaction conditions, such as those present in the stomach, are favorable
to formation of CMNU from glycocyamine and nitrite (Yamamoto et al., 1976). The rates of
formation of CMNU under gastric conditions were proportional to the concentration of
glycocyamine and nitrite (Yamada et al., 1976). However, direct measurements of the amount of
CMNU formed endogenously in animals or humans have not been made, and such measurements
would be complicated by the fact that CMNU is likely to be a reactive, short- lived species.
Summary of Evidence
CMNU administered in the drinking water induced adenocarcinomas of the large and small
intestines in two independent studies, one in male MRC Wistar rats and another in female
Donryu rats. Treatment-related increases in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin were observed
in male rats, and increases in squamous cell oral cavity and Zymbal’s gland tumors were
significant by trend test in female rats. CMNU has not been tested for carcinogenicity in mice.
Like other N-alkyl-N-nitrosourea compounds, CMNU is a direct acting mutagen and clastogen.
CMNU induced mutations in several strains of bacteria, and caused a wide array of chromosomal
aberrations in mammalian cells in vitro. CMNU bears strong structural resemblance to other Nalkyl-
N-nitrosourea compounds (e.g., ENU), which are carcinogenic in rodents, pigs and
primates. Other compounds that, like CMNU, are carboxymethylating agents also have been
shown to cause cancer in rodent studies.
5.2 Conclusion
There is evidence for the carcinogenicity of CMNU, based on the development of
adenocarcinoma of the intestines in male and female rats of different strains, squamous cell skin
tumors in male rats, and squamous cell oral cavity and Zymbal’s gland tumors in female rats.
Further evidence includes observations of mutagenicity in bacteria, clastogenicity in mammalian
cells in vitro, and close structural analogies to well- recognized carcinogens.
Copyright © 2002
Und noch was zu Glucuronolacton:
Glucuronolactone was first used in the Vietnam conflict to boost morale amongst GI's who were suffering from stress and fatigue, but was banned after a few years following several deaths and hundreds of cases involving anything from severe migraines to brain tumors in personnel prescribed the stimulant.
That was in 1973 and Glucuronolactone is still banned for commercial consumption in America to this day. The bad news is that the substance never found it's way to Europe in the early days and was therefore never banned by the EU community.
An article in this months edition of the British Medical Journal has highlighted a growing number of cases reported by Doctors and Surgeons involving the very same side effects from the 70's. All of the patients examined were regular drinkers of RedBull and it is believed that the safety of Glucuronolactone is currently under review in at least three major European countries.
Zu Dimethylglycine:
There is extensive literature on the safety and health benefits of DMG. Many studies have shown that DMG enhances the effectiveness of the immune system, improves the physical and athletic performance of humans and other animals (e.g. race horses) and has all in all a wide range of beneficial effects. It is very safe; no evidence has been seen of any toxic or significant adverse effects, with even taking massive intakes of DMG.
In 1965, two Russian investigators, M.G. Blumena and T.L. Belyakova, published a report showing considerable improvement in the speech of 12 of a group of 15 mentally handicapped children who had not been able to use speech to communicate. The children had been treated with a substance variously known as calcium pangamate, or pangamic acid, or "Vitamin B15" in addition to enriched vocabulary the children began to use simple sentences, their general mental state improved, and there was better concentration and interest in toys and games. Subsequent research has shown the essential factor in calcium pangamate to be DMG.
DMG is a metabolic enhancer, that is, it improves the function of several metabolic pathways, including those involving the immune system, the cardiovascular system, and muscle performance. Although excess DMG is converted by the body into energy, it appears that it's primary role in metabolism is to act as a key intermediary in the biological pathway that supplies the body with methyl groups. It maximizes the amount of energy produced for each molecule of oxygen consumed, and stimulates both branches of the immune system. DMG is an ergogenic nutrient that is, it helps produce energy and improve physical stamina.
DMG also acts as a detoxifying agent and antioxidant, protecting body cells from unwanted reactions caused by free radicals. Extensive animal and clinical tests have shown DMG to be a versatile normalizer of physiological functions.
The chemical structure of DMG is that of the amino acid glycine, in which two of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by methyl groups.
Dr. Jerzy Meduski of the Nutritional Research Laboratory, at the University of Southern California's School of Medicine in Los Angeles, has studied the safety of DMG for more than five years. He concludes that DMG is perfectly safe when used as a dietary supplement. DMG is actually as safe as Vitamin C. In an animal study, Dr. Meduski found that consuming 1.85 grams of DMG per kilogram of body weight (equivalent to 130 grams for a 154 pound person) had no effect on blood pressure, breathing patterns, blood chemistry, oxygen intake, or body weight. At the same time, DMG was found to produce a measured increase in athletic performance and a decrease in lactic acid, the compound that forms in muscles and causes tiredness.
Many parents have reported that within a few days of starting DMG with their autistic child, the child's behavior improved noticeably, better eye contact was seen, frustration tolerance increased, the child's speech improved, or more interest in speaking was observed. An article in the New England Journal of Medicine (October 1982) reported that a 22 year-old mentally retarded man who had 16 to 18 seizures per week on standard anticonvulsants, experienced only three seizures per week while on DMG. Two attempts to remove the DMG dramatically increased seizure frequency.
Zusammenfassend würde ich es bleiben lassen.
jeckyll
