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hypertrophier def .
kurt1
New member
"irrationale Hypertrophie"
hi klaus,
schon einmal was von der "chemischen keule" gehört?:winke:
das ist jedenfalls das, was ich darunter verstehe. eine "rationale" hypertrophie dient einem zweck, nämlich der kraftsteigerung.
"irrationale" hypertrophie ist das merkmal des BB.
oder reden wir jetzt aneinander vorbei???
gruß, kurt
hi klaus,
schon einmal was von der "chemischen keule" gehört?:winke:
das ist jedenfalls das, was ich darunter verstehe. eine "rationale" hypertrophie dient einem zweck, nämlich der kraftsteigerung.
"irrationale" hypertrophie ist das merkmal des BB.
oder reden wir jetzt aneinander vorbei???
gruß, kurt
Re: "irrationale Hypertrophie"
bezieh das auf diesen artikel:
Rationale und irrationale Adaption
Ich habe mich entschlossen Informationen über rationale und irrationale Adaption hier anzugeben, da diese ganz einfach in der Bodybuilding-Literatur fehlen.
Hypertrophie kann Muskelfunktionen steigern (rational) oder verringern (irrational).
Wenn sich eine irrationale Hypertrophie entwickelt, übertrifft das Volumenwachstum der Muskelzellen die funktionellen Fähigkeiten des vaskulären Systems. Eine schnelle Zunahme des Muskelzellvolumens führt zu einer verringerten Versorgung mit Nährstoffen und Sauerstoff, reduziert den Stoffwechselprozess in den Muskeln und hinterlässt wenig effizienten Stoffwechselmüll vom Muskelgewebe. Es hängt nicht nur vom Grad der Hypertrophie, sondern auch vom Verhältnis sarkomere/sarkoplamatische Hypertrophie ab. Ein anderer Effekt der irrationalen Hypertrophie ist die reduzierte Fähigkeit des die Muskeln umgebenden Gewebes zu heilen und stärker zu werden. Jeder Kraftzuwachs bedingt durch Muskelmassezuwachs ohne entsprechende Anpassung des umgebenden Gewebes führt unvermeidlich zu Schäden an Sehnen und Bändern. Schnelle exzessive Hypertrophie führt gewöhnlich zu einer längeren Erholungszeit nach dem Training, Verschlechterung der kontraktilen Möglichkeiten und auch zu einer verstärkten Anfälligkeit gegen Verletzungen.
das hängt ja nicht zwangsweise mit der chemischen keule zusammen, sarkoplasmatische hypertrophie gibts ja so auch...
ich frag mich da nämlich,warum der körper sowas macht, er is ja sonst kein idiot und macht im allgemeinen keine sinnlosen sachen
und wenn wir schon dabei sind:welchen sinn macht den eigentlich die sarkoplasmatische hypertrophie????
wie immer bin ich bei den bb-seiten vorsichtig,lol,aber bei medline find ich da nix drüber...(wie heissen denn die hypertrophiearten auf englisch???)
cheers,klaus
bezieh das auf diesen artikel:
Rationale und irrationale Adaption
Ich habe mich entschlossen Informationen über rationale und irrationale Adaption hier anzugeben, da diese ganz einfach in der Bodybuilding-Literatur fehlen.
Hypertrophie kann Muskelfunktionen steigern (rational) oder verringern (irrational).
Wenn sich eine irrationale Hypertrophie entwickelt, übertrifft das Volumenwachstum der Muskelzellen die funktionellen Fähigkeiten des vaskulären Systems. Eine schnelle Zunahme des Muskelzellvolumens führt zu einer verringerten Versorgung mit Nährstoffen und Sauerstoff, reduziert den Stoffwechselprozess in den Muskeln und hinterlässt wenig effizienten Stoffwechselmüll vom Muskelgewebe. Es hängt nicht nur vom Grad der Hypertrophie, sondern auch vom Verhältnis sarkomere/sarkoplamatische Hypertrophie ab. Ein anderer Effekt der irrationalen Hypertrophie ist die reduzierte Fähigkeit des die Muskeln umgebenden Gewebes zu heilen und stärker zu werden. Jeder Kraftzuwachs bedingt durch Muskelmassezuwachs ohne entsprechende Anpassung des umgebenden Gewebes führt unvermeidlich zu Schäden an Sehnen und Bändern. Schnelle exzessive Hypertrophie führt gewöhnlich zu einer längeren Erholungszeit nach dem Training, Verschlechterung der kontraktilen Möglichkeiten und auch zu einer verstärkten Anfälligkeit gegen Verletzungen.
das hängt ja nicht zwangsweise mit der chemischen keule zusammen, sarkoplasmatische hypertrophie gibts ja so auch...
ich frag mich da nämlich,warum der körper sowas macht, er is ja sonst kein idiot und macht im allgemeinen keine sinnlosen sachen
und wenn wir schon dabei sind:welchen sinn macht den eigentlich die sarkoplasmatische hypertrophie????
wie immer bin ich bei den bb-seiten vorsichtig,lol,aber bei medline find ich da nix drüber...(wie heissen denn die hypertrophiearten auf englisch???)
cheers,klaus
kurt1
New member
"sarkoplasmatische" Hypertrophie?
gibt es die wirklich? woher hast du diesen artikel? er scheint mir nicht sehr fundiert zu sein (nicht zuletzt wegen des postulierten "stoffwechselmülls")
eine muskuläre hypertrophie ist einerseits - sichtbar - durch vermehrung der myofibrillen gekennzeichnet (krafttraining) oder - unsichtbar - durch vermehrung der mitochondrien und gewisser kapazitäten in der zelle wie des myoglobingehalts (ausdauertraining). unter physiologischen bedingungen ist immer eine adäquate "versorgung" der muskelzelle gewährleistet. das kann unter verwendung der "chemischen keule" durchaus nicht der fall sein (anabole steroide bewirken eine intrazelluläre wasserretention und "blähen" somit die muskelzelle auf) - ein grund, warum die BB nicht so stark sind, wie sie aussehen und warum ihre ausdauerleistungsfähigkeit der einer 60-jährigen frau entspricht:winke:
in der wissenschaftlichen primärliteratur hab ich jedenfalls noch nix gelesen darüber, versuch's einmal mit "sarcoplasmatic hypertrophy".
gruß, kurt
gibt es die wirklich? woher hast du diesen artikel? er scheint mir nicht sehr fundiert zu sein (nicht zuletzt wegen des postulierten "stoffwechselmülls")
eine muskuläre hypertrophie ist einerseits - sichtbar - durch vermehrung der myofibrillen gekennzeichnet (krafttraining) oder - unsichtbar - durch vermehrung der mitochondrien und gewisser kapazitäten in der zelle wie des myoglobingehalts (ausdauertraining). unter physiologischen bedingungen ist immer eine adäquate "versorgung" der muskelzelle gewährleistet. das kann unter verwendung der "chemischen keule" durchaus nicht der fall sein (anabole steroide bewirken eine intrazelluläre wasserretention und "blähen" somit die muskelzelle auf) - ein grund, warum die BB nicht so stark sind, wie sie aussehen und warum ihre ausdauerleistungsfähigkeit der einer 60-jährigen frau entspricht:winke:
in der wissenschaftlichen primärliteratur hab ich jedenfalls noch nix gelesen darüber, versuch's einmal mit "sarcoplasmatic hypertrophy".
gruß, kurt
Re: "sarkoplasmatische" Hypertrophie?
auch zatsiorski(der hatte immerhin 17j lang den lehrstuhl für biomechanik in moskau hatte und jetzt prof für sportwissenschaft in pennsylvania is,bzw dort das biomechaniklabor leitet ,dürfte also keine komplette null sein..)schreibt in einem buch darüber, sarkoplasmatische hypertrophie durch vermehrung des sarkoplasmas(also keine vermehrung der kontraktilen elemente soweit ich das versteh),aber bei ihm heisst die sarkomere hypertrophie anders, "myofibrilläre hypertrophie", geht allerdings nicht näher drauf ein.er schreibt nur,das die sarkoplasmatische hypertrophie typisch im bb sei und die myofibr. typisch bei gewichthebern....
na,werd mich mal schlau machen bzw werd es versuchen:winke:...
bin über den artikel nur zufällig gestolpert,als ich was zu dem thema gesucht hab....
was mich da irritiert is, das der körper was offensichtlich unnötiges(oder würd vermehrung des sarkoplasmas vorteile haben???) machen soll.....
cheers,klaus
auch zatsiorski(der hatte immerhin 17j lang den lehrstuhl für biomechanik in moskau hatte und jetzt prof für sportwissenschaft in pennsylvania is,bzw dort das biomechaniklabor leitet ,dürfte also keine komplette null sein..)schreibt in einem buch darüber, sarkoplasmatische hypertrophie durch vermehrung des sarkoplasmas(also keine vermehrung der kontraktilen elemente soweit ich das versteh),aber bei ihm heisst die sarkomere hypertrophie anders, "myofibrilläre hypertrophie", geht allerdings nicht näher drauf ein.er schreibt nur,das die sarkoplasmatische hypertrophie typisch im bb sei und die myofibr. typisch bei gewichthebern....
na,werd mich mal schlau machen bzw werd es versuchen:winke:...
bin über den artikel nur zufällig gestolpert,als ich was zu dem thema gesucht hab....
was mich da irritiert is, das der körper was offensichtlich unnötiges(oder würd vermehrung des sarkoplasmas vorteile haben???) machen soll.....
cheers,klaus
Re: "sarkoplasmatische" Hypertrophie?
das hab ich noch gefunden:
SIZE MEANS STRENGTH?
by Jamie Hale
Jamie Hale author of Optimum Physique and writer for Steele Jungle Publications. Owner of www.halesoptimumphysique.com and Total Body Fitness.
Hale will be coming out with a new publication in early 2002.
One day your in the gym and a freak of nature walks in. This guy has massively ripped muscles from head to toe. As you watch the specimen, he approaches the squat rack. You begin to get excited as he loads the bar in the squat rack. You are wondering how much this guy squats. He begins going through his warm-up sets. He starts with 135 and then 225. He puts 295 on the bar and begins his decent. Guess what? He is stuck at the bottom. The next day at the gym you notice a short chubby guy walk in that you have not seen before. You watch as he approaches the squat rack. He begins to go through his warm-up sets. He starts his warm-up sets with 135 then 225 and then 315. You are very suprised. This guys physique development does not even come close to the level of the freaks’ that was in the gym yesterday. This guy is now squatting 405 with ease. Eventually he moves up to 500lbs. for 3 reps. This is a common scenario.
How do we explain the chubby guy squatting more than the lean muscular machine? Another example of this case is the comparison of powerlifters to bodybuilders. There is a noticeable difference in physique development. The bodybuilders show supreme muscular and physique development in comparison to the powerlifters; but powerlifters are usually stronger. There are numerous factors that contribute to the supreme strength displayed by the powerlifter. These factors include mechanical advantages such as limb length and tendon insertions. A higher rate of fast twitch muscle fibers and better neural efficiency can also contribute to the disparity of strength between the two athletes. There are numerous other factors that can affect strength , but we will not discuss these issues any further. Our concern in this article is the size strength relationship. More precisely we will look at sarcoplasmic hypertrophy, and myofibrillar hypertrophy.
Sarcoplasmic hypertrophy (common in bodybuilding) involves the growth of the sarcoplasm (fluid like substance) and non contractile proteins that do not directly contribute to muscular force production. Filament area density decreases while cross-sectional area increases, without a significant increase in strength. Myofibrillar hypertrophy occurs due to an increase in myosin-actin filaments. Contractile proteins are synthesized and filament density increases (Zatsiorsky 1995). This type of hypertrophy leads to increased strength production.
Sarcoplasmic Hypertrophy
Muscle fibers adapt to high volume training by increasing the number of mitochondria ( organelles in the cell that are involved in ATP production) in the cell. This type of training also leads to the elevation of enzymes that are involved in glycolytic and oxidative pathways. The volume of sarcoplasmic fluid inside the cell and between the cells are increased with high volume training. This type of training contributes little to maximal strength while it does increase strength endurance due to mitochondria hypertrophy. Growth of connective tissue is also present with sarcoplasmic hypertrophy.
Myofibrillar Hypertrophy
Myofibrillar hypertrophy occurs due to increases in the number of myosin/actin filaments (sarcomeres) inside the cell. This leads to increased strength and size of the contractile unit of muscle. Ultimately this means greater force production. This is often referred to as functional muscle, while sarcoplasmic hypertrophy is referred to as non-functional muscle.
ATP and Muscular Growth
As we said earlier, increasing the number of mitochondria in the cell means increased ATP production. ATP is required for protein synthesis to occur. Low levels of ATP will halt muscular growth as well as inhibit other metabolic functions that take place inside the muscle cell. Siff and Verkhoshansky have shown that it is possible to increase your muscles contractile unit faster than the mitochondria’s ability to compensate for this growth. When actin/myosin filaments out grow the number of mitochondria, growth of elements besides the sarcomere is inhibited. The insufficient quantity of ATP results in the bodies inability to promote protein synthesis.
Size vs. Strength
In general, bodybuilders are more muscular than powerlifters, but powerlifters are stronger. How does training with weights that are 90% of 1RM develop strength and power, but do very little for hypertrophy? Studies have shown an intense set of 5 reps involves more fibers than an intense set of 1rep. Research has shown that using loads in the 90% range causes failure to occur before a growth stimulus has been sent to the cells. Therefore other factors besides muscle fiber fatigue result in termination of the set. The muscle simply does not have sufficient time under tension to stimulate the growth process. High rep training produces high levels of phosphate and hydrogen Ions which enhance the growth process. Research has shown heavy lifting enhances neural efficiency ( improved motor recruitment, and firing rates) which enhances strength , but does not necessarily result in muscular growth. With this information you can see why the strength, and size levels are different between bodybuilders and powerlifters.
There are powerlifters that possess muscularity comparable to bodybuilders. There are also bodybuilders who have equal or greater strength than powerlifters. Do not misinterpret this article to mean there is no relationship between strength and size. If you gain 30lbs. of lean tissue you will probably become stronger. The basic idea presented in this article is there is a relationship between size and strength , but strength increases can occur due to other reasons. Just as size increase can occur with a non linear strength increase.
References
The weight trainer(2001)Muscle Growth part 1811: Why, And How Does A Muscle Grow and Get Stronger?[online]http://weightrainer.virtualave.net/training/growth/.html
Zatsiorsky,V.(1995) Science and Practice of Strength Training. Human Kinetics.
The WeighTrainer
Muscular Growth: How Does A Muscle Grow?
Let's get right into this and start with a segment from the Neuromuscular System series:
Muscle biopsies of serious weight trainers have shown that it was the size of the individual fibers within their muscles that was responsible for the abnormal muscle size and not the actual number of muscle fibers present.
...although extreme conditions may result in modest hyperplasia. This tells us that the formation of new muscle cells (hyperplasia) is, at most, likely to be only a minor factor in increasing muscle size. The mechanism responsible for supercompensation is hypertrophy - the increase in size of existing muscle fibers.
Taking another segment from the Neuromuscular System series:
It is also worthy of note that contractile machinery comprises about 80% of muscle fiber volume. The rest of the volume is accounted for by tissue that supplies energy to the muscle or is involved with the neural drive.
This tells us that there are a couple of ways to increase muscle size.
Increase the volume of the tissue that supplies energy to the muscle or is involved with the neural drive - called sarcoplasmic hypertrophy.
Increase the volume of contractile machinery - called sarcomere hypertrophy.
Let's take a look at both routes.
Sarcoplasmic Hypertrophy
Increasing the volume of the tissue that supplies energy to the muscle or is involved with the neural drive: Intimately involved in the production of ATP are intracellular bodies called "mitochondria". Muscle fibers will adapt to high volume (and higher rep) training sessions by increasing the number of mitochondria in the cells. They will also increase the concentrations of the enzymes involved in the oxidative phosphorylation and anaerobic glycolysis mechanisms of energy production and increase the volume of sarcoplasmic fluid inside the cell (including glycogen) and also the fluid between the actual cells. This type of hypertrophy produces very little in the way of added strength but has profound effects on increasing strength-endurance (the ability to do reps with a certain weight) because it dramatically increases the muscles' ability to produce ATP. Adaptations of this sort are characteristic of Bodybuilders' muscles................
The WeighTrainer
Muscle Growth Part II:
Why, And How, Does A Muscle Grow And Get Stronger?
Rational and Irrational Hypertrophy
In part one of this series I said that sarcoplasmic hypertrophy produces moderate increases in size but that there were other important reasons why you'd desire such adaptations. This is part of the reason I said that:
Metabolic processes within the cell require ATP to "fuel" them (remember, ATP is the body's primary source for all of its energy). If enough ATP isn't present then a host of cellular processes slow down (including protein synthesis) resulting in the operations of the cell being compromised. That means, among other things, slower removal of waste products, slower recovery from training and slower or less protein synthesis. Research done in the former Soviet Union by Zalessky and Burkhanov has shown that if the contractile components of the cell continue to grow (sarcomere hypertrophy) without a concurrent increase in the energy supplying systems of the cell (i.e. the mitochondria, etc. - sarcoplasmic hypertrophy) then such a situation will develop. Essentially the motor has become too big for the fuel injection system. In addition, fellow Soviet researchers, Nikituk and Samoilov have demonstrated that such a condition can be brought about through poorly planned training.
Once such a situation is achieved progess, as far as metabolic processes in the muscle is concerned, will come to a halt. Training may stimulate growth and strengthening but the cell simply lacks the means to support any additional hypertrophy. It can't produce the ATP necessary to fuel the synthesis and maintenance of new protein (muscle protein is constantly being broken down and rebuilt - a process of "maintenance"). In layman's terms, you hit one helluva plateau.
Such a condition is called irrational hypertrophy because the situation just doesn't make any sense from an adaptative standpoint. The defining characteristic of this kind of growth is cells that contain much larger mitochondria than before, but much fewer of them. The net result is an ATP shortage in the cell.
On the other hand, if training results in proportionate vascular improvements within the cell (mitochondrial density increases - the total number of mitochondria also increases as the existing mitochondria get bigger), such a plateau will not be encountered and training-invoked hypertrophy can continue as normal. This is called rational hypertrophy, for obvious reasons.
As this article isn't intended to get into the nitty-gritty of training procedures I'm just going to leave this subject by saying that for continued progress sarcoplasmic hypertrophy is, indeed, needed (especially when increased muscle mass and/or endurance is desired) and must be trained for. How to achieve rational hypertrophy, while avoiding the irrational kind, will be dealt with in other articles on this site.
hm,ich denk,nun wird mir das einigermassen klar!
bin übrigens grad über eine seite gestolpert,die auf den ersten blick nicht uninteressant wirkt....
http://www.weightrainer.com/
schau mal unter articles / online articles /training related /beginners part 1.....hehehe,kommt mir bekannt vor...hast du deine finger überall drin???
cheers,klaus
das hab ich noch gefunden:
SIZE MEANS STRENGTH?
by Jamie Hale
Jamie Hale author of Optimum Physique and writer for Steele Jungle Publications. Owner of www.halesoptimumphysique.com and Total Body Fitness.
Hale will be coming out with a new publication in early 2002.
One day your in the gym and a freak of nature walks in. This guy has massively ripped muscles from head to toe. As you watch the specimen, he approaches the squat rack. You begin to get excited as he loads the bar in the squat rack. You are wondering how much this guy squats. He begins going through his warm-up sets. He starts with 135 and then 225. He puts 295 on the bar and begins his decent. Guess what? He is stuck at the bottom. The next day at the gym you notice a short chubby guy walk in that you have not seen before. You watch as he approaches the squat rack. He begins to go through his warm-up sets. He starts his warm-up sets with 135 then 225 and then 315. You are very suprised. This guys physique development does not even come close to the level of the freaks’ that was in the gym yesterday. This guy is now squatting 405 with ease. Eventually he moves up to 500lbs. for 3 reps. This is a common scenario.
How do we explain the chubby guy squatting more than the lean muscular machine? Another example of this case is the comparison of powerlifters to bodybuilders. There is a noticeable difference in physique development. The bodybuilders show supreme muscular and physique development in comparison to the powerlifters; but powerlifters are usually stronger. There are numerous factors that contribute to the supreme strength displayed by the powerlifter. These factors include mechanical advantages such as limb length and tendon insertions. A higher rate of fast twitch muscle fibers and better neural efficiency can also contribute to the disparity of strength between the two athletes. There are numerous other factors that can affect strength , but we will not discuss these issues any further. Our concern in this article is the size strength relationship. More precisely we will look at sarcoplasmic hypertrophy, and myofibrillar hypertrophy.
Sarcoplasmic hypertrophy (common in bodybuilding) involves the growth of the sarcoplasm (fluid like substance) and non contractile proteins that do not directly contribute to muscular force production. Filament area density decreases while cross-sectional area increases, without a significant increase in strength. Myofibrillar hypertrophy occurs due to an increase in myosin-actin filaments. Contractile proteins are synthesized and filament density increases (Zatsiorsky 1995). This type of hypertrophy leads to increased strength production.
Sarcoplasmic Hypertrophy
Muscle fibers adapt to high volume training by increasing the number of mitochondria ( organelles in the cell that are involved in ATP production) in the cell. This type of training also leads to the elevation of enzymes that are involved in glycolytic and oxidative pathways. The volume of sarcoplasmic fluid inside the cell and between the cells are increased with high volume training. This type of training contributes little to maximal strength while it does increase strength endurance due to mitochondria hypertrophy. Growth of connective tissue is also present with sarcoplasmic hypertrophy.
Myofibrillar Hypertrophy
Myofibrillar hypertrophy occurs due to increases in the number of myosin/actin filaments (sarcomeres) inside the cell. This leads to increased strength and size of the contractile unit of muscle. Ultimately this means greater force production. This is often referred to as functional muscle, while sarcoplasmic hypertrophy is referred to as non-functional muscle.
ATP and Muscular Growth
As we said earlier, increasing the number of mitochondria in the cell means increased ATP production. ATP is required for protein synthesis to occur. Low levels of ATP will halt muscular growth as well as inhibit other metabolic functions that take place inside the muscle cell. Siff and Verkhoshansky have shown that it is possible to increase your muscles contractile unit faster than the mitochondria’s ability to compensate for this growth. When actin/myosin filaments out grow the number of mitochondria, growth of elements besides the sarcomere is inhibited. The insufficient quantity of ATP results in the bodies inability to promote protein synthesis.
Size vs. Strength
In general, bodybuilders are more muscular than powerlifters, but powerlifters are stronger. How does training with weights that are 90% of 1RM develop strength and power, but do very little for hypertrophy? Studies have shown an intense set of 5 reps involves more fibers than an intense set of 1rep. Research has shown that using loads in the 90% range causes failure to occur before a growth stimulus has been sent to the cells. Therefore other factors besides muscle fiber fatigue result in termination of the set. The muscle simply does not have sufficient time under tension to stimulate the growth process. High rep training produces high levels of phosphate and hydrogen Ions which enhance the growth process. Research has shown heavy lifting enhances neural efficiency ( improved motor recruitment, and firing rates) which enhances strength , but does not necessarily result in muscular growth. With this information you can see why the strength, and size levels are different between bodybuilders and powerlifters.
There are powerlifters that possess muscularity comparable to bodybuilders. There are also bodybuilders who have equal or greater strength than powerlifters. Do not misinterpret this article to mean there is no relationship between strength and size. If you gain 30lbs. of lean tissue you will probably become stronger. The basic idea presented in this article is there is a relationship between size and strength , but strength increases can occur due to other reasons. Just as size increase can occur with a non linear strength increase.
References
The weight trainer(2001)Muscle Growth part 1811: Why, And How Does A Muscle Grow and Get Stronger?[online]http://weightrainer.virtualave.net/training/growth/.html
Zatsiorsky,V.(1995) Science and Practice of Strength Training. Human Kinetics.
The WeighTrainer
Muscular Growth: How Does A Muscle Grow?
Let's get right into this and start with a segment from the Neuromuscular System series:
Muscle biopsies of serious weight trainers have shown that it was the size of the individual fibers within their muscles that was responsible for the abnormal muscle size and not the actual number of muscle fibers present.
...although extreme conditions may result in modest hyperplasia. This tells us that the formation of new muscle cells (hyperplasia) is, at most, likely to be only a minor factor in increasing muscle size. The mechanism responsible for supercompensation is hypertrophy - the increase in size of existing muscle fibers.
Taking another segment from the Neuromuscular System series:
It is also worthy of note that contractile machinery comprises about 80% of muscle fiber volume. The rest of the volume is accounted for by tissue that supplies energy to the muscle or is involved with the neural drive.
This tells us that there are a couple of ways to increase muscle size.
Increase the volume of the tissue that supplies energy to the muscle or is involved with the neural drive - called sarcoplasmic hypertrophy.
Increase the volume of contractile machinery - called sarcomere hypertrophy.
Let's take a look at both routes.
Sarcoplasmic Hypertrophy
Increasing the volume of the tissue that supplies energy to the muscle or is involved with the neural drive: Intimately involved in the production of ATP are intracellular bodies called "mitochondria". Muscle fibers will adapt to high volume (and higher rep) training sessions by increasing the number of mitochondria in the cells. They will also increase the concentrations of the enzymes involved in the oxidative phosphorylation and anaerobic glycolysis mechanisms of energy production and increase the volume of sarcoplasmic fluid inside the cell (including glycogen) and also the fluid between the actual cells. This type of hypertrophy produces very little in the way of added strength but has profound effects on increasing strength-endurance (the ability to do reps with a certain weight) because it dramatically increases the muscles' ability to produce ATP. Adaptations of this sort are characteristic of Bodybuilders' muscles................
The WeighTrainer
Muscle Growth Part II:
Why, And How, Does A Muscle Grow And Get Stronger?
Rational and Irrational Hypertrophy
In part one of this series I said that sarcoplasmic hypertrophy produces moderate increases in size but that there were other important reasons why you'd desire such adaptations. This is part of the reason I said that:
Metabolic processes within the cell require ATP to "fuel" them (remember, ATP is the body's primary source for all of its energy). If enough ATP isn't present then a host of cellular processes slow down (including protein synthesis) resulting in the operations of the cell being compromised. That means, among other things, slower removal of waste products, slower recovery from training and slower or less protein synthesis. Research done in the former Soviet Union by Zalessky and Burkhanov has shown that if the contractile components of the cell continue to grow (sarcomere hypertrophy) without a concurrent increase in the energy supplying systems of the cell (i.e. the mitochondria, etc. - sarcoplasmic hypertrophy) then such a situation will develop. Essentially the motor has become too big for the fuel injection system. In addition, fellow Soviet researchers, Nikituk and Samoilov have demonstrated that such a condition can be brought about through poorly planned training.
Once such a situation is achieved progess, as far as metabolic processes in the muscle is concerned, will come to a halt. Training may stimulate growth and strengthening but the cell simply lacks the means to support any additional hypertrophy. It can't produce the ATP necessary to fuel the synthesis and maintenance of new protein (muscle protein is constantly being broken down and rebuilt - a process of "maintenance"). In layman's terms, you hit one helluva plateau.
Such a condition is called irrational hypertrophy because the situation just doesn't make any sense from an adaptative standpoint. The defining characteristic of this kind of growth is cells that contain much larger mitochondria than before, but much fewer of them. The net result is an ATP shortage in the cell.
On the other hand, if training results in proportionate vascular improvements within the cell (mitochondrial density increases - the total number of mitochondria also increases as the existing mitochondria get bigger), such a plateau will not be encountered and training-invoked hypertrophy can continue as normal. This is called rational hypertrophy, for obvious reasons.
As this article isn't intended to get into the nitty-gritty of training procedures I'm just going to leave this subject by saying that for continued progress sarcoplasmic hypertrophy is, indeed, needed (especially when increased muscle mass and/or endurance is desired) and must be trained for. How to achieve rational hypertrophy, while avoiding the irrational kind, will be dealt with in other articles on this site.
hm,ich denk,nun wird mir das einigermassen klar!
bin übrigens grad über eine seite gestolpert,die auf den ersten blick nicht uninteressant wirkt....
http://www.weightrainer.com/
schau mal unter articles / online articles /training related /beginners part 1.....hehehe,kommt mir bekannt vor...hast du deine finger überall drin???
cheers,klaus
kurt1
New member
sagte ich ja bereits!
hallo klaus,
ich sagte ja bereits, dass die im BB verwendeten roids eine vermehrung des sarkoplasma (=zytoplasma der muskelzelle) durch wassereinlagerung bewirken.
optik und funktion (in diesem fall kraft) gehen nicht immer hand in hand, as we know:winke:.
der begriff der "sarkomeren" hypertrophie ist nicht exakt. die "myofibrilläre" hypertrophie ist das, was ich oben schon beschrieben habe. das sarkomer enthält aber mehr als nur die kontraktilen filamente.
gruß, kurt
hallo klaus,
ich sagte ja bereits, dass die im BB verwendeten roids eine vermehrung des sarkoplasma (=zytoplasma der muskelzelle) durch wassereinlagerung bewirken.
optik und funktion (in diesem fall kraft) gehen nicht immer hand in hand, as we know:winke:.
der begriff der "sarkomeren" hypertrophie ist nicht exakt. die "myofibrilläre" hypertrophie ist das, was ich oben schon beschrieben habe. das sarkomer enthält aber mehr als nur die kontraktilen filamente.
gruß, kurt
kurt1
New member
Re: "sarkoplasmatische" Hypertrophie?
wie meinst du das mit meinen fingern?:winke: ich hab mit diesem artikel nix zu tun. hast du irgendwo meine handschrift entdeckt?
ansonst gibt es nicht mehr viel zu sagen, was die muskuläre hypertrophie betrifft, ich bin ja schon mehrmals auf die selektive hypertrophie "weißer" und "roter" fasern eingegangen. offensichtlich wird hier die sarkoplasmatische hypertrophie als selektive hypertrophie der typ 1-fasern fehlinterpretiert, denn es ist ausschließlich das ausdauertraining, das die mitochondrien vermehren lässt und nicht ein "volumentraining".
nochmals: das "anschwellen" der muskelzellen beim BB ist weniger trainings-, als vielmehr pharmakologisch bedingt.
gruß, kurt
wie meinst du das mit meinen fingern?:winke: ich hab mit diesem artikel nix zu tun. hast du irgendwo meine handschrift entdeckt?
ansonst gibt es nicht mehr viel zu sagen, was die muskuläre hypertrophie betrifft, ich bin ja schon mehrmals auf die selektive hypertrophie "weißer" und "roter" fasern eingegangen. offensichtlich wird hier die sarkoplasmatische hypertrophie als selektive hypertrophie der typ 1-fasern fehlinterpretiert, denn es ist ausschließlich das ausdauertraining, das die mitochondrien vermehren lässt und nicht ein "volumentraining".
nochmals: das "anschwellen" der muskelzellen beim BB ist weniger trainings-, als vielmehr pharmakologisch bedingt.
gruß, kurt
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schau mal hier:
hypertrophier def .