Sleep
I've been researching the issues of sleep and obesity
- I thought of you Papwriter, when coming across "Shift Work"I hope you find it at least an interesting read
: If interested, I can share more information about SLEEP. - If your driving ... there is a section dedicated to that as well.
____________________________________________________________________________
A SHIFT WORKER’S GUIDE TO GOOD SLEEP:
Sound Asleep: The Expert Guide to Sleeping Well
Shift work, especially when it involves nightshifts, has become the
subject of much debate within the sleep community. We define shift
work as any job that falls
outside a 9.30am to 5.30pm (or therea-
bouts) working-hours routine. For many years sleep researchers have
tried to unravel the effects of working shifts on health and well-being.
However, empirical studies are skewed by the fact that those doing
shift work are already more physiologically and psychologically able
to cope with its demands,
simply by virtue of their genetic make-up. We
find that those unsuited to shift work leave their professions quickly
once the erratic hours begin to take their toll.
Those left for us to study
don’t, therefore,
represent a true cross-section of the population.
Nevertheless, the major detrimental effects of shift work have over
time become apparent. For women, studies reveal that shift work can
increase susceptibility to
breast cancer, and
both sexes are more prone
to gastrointestinal problems, increased
blood pressure, and
stroke.
Night workers (including nurses, doctors and factory workers)
are five
times more likely to have a r
oad-traffic accident on their way home at
the end of their shift. What we’re not clear about yet is what exactly
causes the problems. Could it be
fewer hours asleep (which we know
is true of shift workers)?
Disruption to the 24-hour biological clock?
Or simply
changes to lifestyle (for example, we know that nurses
don’t follow the same principles of a healthy lifestyle - nutritious diet,
moderate, regular exercise and so on - that they ask of their patients).
Furthermore,
shift workers more often complain of
insomnia,
fatigue,
lack of concentration,
irritability and
clumsiness. If you have
any com-
bination of these symptoms and you work shifts, you may have what
is now termed “
shift work sleep disorder”.
What you can do:
Although some literature suggests that there’s a “perfect” rota scheme,
in fact chronobiologists and sleep scientists agree that no shift-
working rota can meet an ideal. Even in general terms it’s hard to
establish a best practice. However, if there’s a consensus it’s that shifts
that follow a day-evening-night rotation are better than day-night-
evening - probably because the former follows the direction of the
body clock.
If you’re a shift-worker and want to get the best out of your sleep, so
that you can get the best out of your waking hours, both at work and
at home, try to follow a few basic principles:
• Sleep whenever you can, even if this is in short two-hour bursts.
Your body will ensure that you maximize the time you spend in
deep, restorative sleep, and also in dreaming sleep. Also, don’t
be afraid to take naps during your shift breaks if you need to.
Talk to your manager to try to ensure there’s somewhere you
can go to sit and shut your eyes for 20 minutes (but 20 minutes
is enough). Now that we live in a 24/7 culture, workplaces are
becoming much more aware and tolerant of the need to look
after their night shifters.
• Try to keep your biological clock on a “normal” 24-hour
schedule. One of the simplest ways to do this is to eat
according to the usual schedule of a morning breakfast (keep it
fairly small and carbohydrate-rich), a light lunch in the middle
of the day and a main meal at supper time. If you’re working a
night shift, you’ll need light snacks to keep you going - but be
careful how you choose them (see box, p.108).
• Maintain your exercise levels. Making sure you do 30 minutes
of exercise every day helps to keep you healthy and reduce the
risks associated with shift work and/or obesity. Try to perform
your 30 minutes (or more) at roughly the same time every day
- even on your days off.
• Avoid caffeine and any other stimulation (including vigorous
exercise) just before you intend to sleep.
• Read Chapter 3 on sleep hygiene and follow its advice as
carefully as you can. Take special care to keep your bedroom
dark, at the right temperature and for sleeping (and sex) only.
Winding down and setting a bedtime routine is also especially
important - your brain needs lots of triggers that it’s time to
sleep (see below).
Timing your sleep:
Try to identify a particular period in every 24 hours when you’re
always asleep. Routine helps your body adjust to the constant changes
to your working/sleeping patterns. Unfortunately, in order to maintain
the new rhythm, you should also commit to sleeping at that time
during your days off. So, for example, if your shift usually begins at
11pm and finishes at 7am, you should ideally make sure that you’re
asleep between the hours of 8 am and 11am, every day.
If your shifts work on a rota system, keep to your given “sleep
hours” as closely as you can throughout the rota. You might need to
work out carefully which hours will always be your sleep hours, but
usually the system can work, give or take 30 to 60 minutes.
[FONT=&]
[/FONT]
I work night shifts and find that the only way I can get
through them is to snack on chocolate bars. It’s not helping
my waistline! What can I do?
First and foremost, make sure that you’re eating healthily during
the day. This means avoiding high-fat, spicy, and salty foods, and
also doing your best to eat as though you were not working on
shifts (see main text) - remember that in the middle of the night
your digestive system slows down. If you’ve eaten well during
the day, you shouldn’t need to fill up on energy during your shift,
although inevitably being active will occasionally make you feel
peckish. Take healthy snacks with you into work - fruit, nuts
and seeds, or a light salad will fill a hunger gap so that you’re less
tempted to reach for the sugar.
Drink lots of water, too, so that you feel less like you need sugar
to keep going. Finally, if you feel sleepy early on in your shift, have
a caffeinated drink. Although it’s not good to drink caffeine shortly
before trying to sleep, caffeine at the start of a nightshift shouldn’t
affect your ability to sleep later.
A final tip
It may help to wear sunglasses on your way home from work (as long
as it doesn’t make travelling dangerous). Reducing the amount of
sunlight in your eyes in the morning helps slow down the cessation in
melatonin secretion that tells your body it’s time to wake up (just at
the time that you need to be thinking about sleep).
___________________________________________________
Additionally:
If you’ve ever seen a pharmacist or a doctor about overcoming jet
lag (or dealing with shift work sleep problems), you may have been
told about melatonin supplementation.