Re: Für die Kalziumindustrie
Leider habe ich nur Zugriff auf den abstract:
Obes Res. 2004 Apr;12(4):582-90.
Calcium and Dairy Acceleration of Weight and Fat Loss during Energy Restriction in Obese Adults.
Zemel MB, Thompson W, Milstead A, Morris K, Campbell P.
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee and. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
OBJECTIVE: Increasing 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in response to low-calcium diets stimulates adipocyte Ca(2+) influx and, as a consequence, stimulates lipogenesis, suppresses lipolysis, and increases lipid accumulation, whereas increasing dietary calcium inhibits these effects and markedly accelerates fat loss in mice subjected to caloric restriction. Our objective was to determine the effects of increasing dietary calcium in the face of caloric restriction in humans. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 32 obese adults. Patients were maintained for 24 weeks on balanced deficit diets (500 kcal/d deficit) and randomized to a standard diet (400 to 500 mg of dietary calcium/d supplemented with placebo), a high-calcium diet (standard diet supplemented with 800 mg of calcium/d), or high-dairy diet (1200 to 1300 mg of dietary calcium/d supplemented with placebo). RESULTS: Patients assigned to the standard diet lost 6.4 +/- 2.5% of their body weight, which was increased by 26% (to 8.6 +/- 1.1%) on the high-calcium diet and 70% (to 10.9 +/- 1.6% of body weight) on the high-dairy diet (p < 0.01). Fat loss was similarly augmented by the high-calcium and high-dairy diets, by 38% and 64%, respectively (p < 0.01). Moreover, fat loss from the trunk region represented 19.0 +/- 7.9% of total fat loss on the low-calcium diet, and this fraction was increased to 50.1 +/- 6.4% and 66.2 +/- 3.0% on the high-calcium and high-dairy diets, respectively (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION: Increasing dietary calcium significantly augmented weight and fat loss secondary to caloric restriction and increased the percentage of fat lost from the trunk region, whereas dairy products exerted a substantially greater effect.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Feb;89(2):632-7.
Effect of calcium supplementation on weight and fat loss in women.
Shapses SA, Heshka S, Heymsfield SB.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA.
sbh2@columbia.edu
Data suggest that a diet deficient in calcium is associated with higher body weight and that augmenting calcium intake may reduce weight and fat gain or enhance loss. Our aim was to determine whether calcium supplementation during a weight loss intervention affects body fat or weight loss. Data were combined from three separate 25-wk randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trials of 1000 mg/d calcium supplementation in 100 premenopausal and postmenopausal women. The primary outcome measures were change in body weight and fat mass adjusted for baseline values. There were no significant differences in body weight or fat mass change between the placebo and the calcium-supplemented groups in the pooled analysis (adjusted mean +/- SE; body weight, placebo -6.2 +/- 0.7 vs. Ca -7.0 +/- 0.7 kg; fat mass, placebo -4.5 +/- 0.6 vs. Ca -5.5 +/- 0.6 kg), and no significant interactions of calcium supplementation with menopausal/diet status. Analysis as separate trials also found no significant differences between the placebo and the calcium groups. Calcium supplementation did not significantly affect amount of weight or fat lost by women counseled to follow a moderately restricted diet for 25 wk.
Nevertheless, the magnitude and direction of the differences for group means are consistent with a hypothesized small effect.
Lipids. 2003 Feb;38(2):139-46. Related Articles, Links
Role of dietary calcium and dairy products in modulating adiposity.
Zemel MB.
Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Nutrition Institute, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
mzemel@utk.edu
Dietary calcium plays a pivotal role in the regulation of energy metabolism. High-calcium diets attenuate adipocyte lipid accretion and weight gain during overconsumption of an energy-dense diet and increase lipolysis and preserve thermogenesis during caloric restriction, thereby markedly accelerating weight loss. Our studies of the agouti gene demonstrate a key role for intracellular Ca2+ in regulating adipocyte lipid metabolism and TG storage. Increased intracellular Ca2+ resulting in stimulation of lipogenic gene expression, and lipogenesis and suppression of lipolysis resulting in adipocyte lipid filling and increased adiposity. Moreover, we recently demonstrated that the increased calcitriol produced in response to low-calcium diets stimulates adipocyte Ca2+ influx and, consequently, promotes adiposity. Accordingly, suppressing calcitriol levels by increasing dietary calcium is an attractive target for obesity intervention. In support of this concept, transgenic mice expressing the agouti gene specifically in adipocytes (a human-like pattern) respond to low-calcium diets with accelerated weight gain and fat accretion, whereas high-calcium diets markedly inhibit lipogenesis, accelerate lipolysis, increase thermogenesis, and suppress fat accretion and weight gain in animals maintained at identical caloric intakes. Further, low-calcium diets impede body fat loss, whereas high-calcium diets markedly accelerate fat loss in transgenic mice subjected to caloric restriction. Dairy sources of calcium exert markedly greater effects in attenuating weight and fat gain and accelerating fat loss. This augmented effect of dairy products is likely due to additional bioactive compounds in dairy that act synergistically with calcium to attenuate adiposity. These concepts are confirmed by both epidemiological and clinical data, which demonstrate that increasing dietary calcium results in significant reductions in adipose tissue mass in obese humans in the absence of caloric restriction and markedly accelerates the weight and body fat loss secondary to caloric restriction, whereas dairy products exert significantly greater effects. These data indicate an important role for dairy products in both the prevention and treatment of obesity.
J Nutr. 2003 Jan;133(1):249S-251S. Related Articles, Links
Calcium intake and reduction in weight or fat mass.
Teegarden D.
Department of Foods and Nutrition, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
teegarden@CFS.purdue.edu
Obesity is a growing epidemic with subsequent health consequences leading not only to reduced quality of life but also to increased medical costs. Growing evidence supports a relationship between increased calcium intakes and reductions in body weight specific to fat mass. Since the first observations in rats >10 y ago, several recently published clinical studies support this relationship as well. The impact of calcium intake on weight loss or prevention of weight gain has been demonstrated in a wide age range of Caucasian and African-Americans of both genders. This review focuses on the results of clinical trials that have investigated the impact of calcium and dairy products on prevention of weight gain, weight loss or development of the insulin resistance syndrome. The implications of these results are that calcium may play a substantial contributing role in reducing the incidence of obesity and prevalence of the insulin resistance syndrome.
