prior exercise potentiates the thermic effect of a carbohydrate meal. The purpose of this study was to determine if meal size or feeding pattern influences this response. Two groups of healthy, normal-weight young women exercised for 45 min on a cycle ergometer at 70 percent of maximal aerobic capacity. Once aerobic capacity returned to pre-exercise baseline, the thermic effect of food (tef) was determined by indirect calorimetry over a 2-h period. One group of subjects ingested a 2510-kj meal and the other a 5020-kj meal. As a control, subjects ingested the test meal without prior exercise. In addition, subjects ingesting the 5020-kj meal were studied for an additional 2 h. In a separate trial, these subjects ingested a 5020-kj meal in two equal portions after a bout of exercise, the second portion 120 min after the first. Tef was less for the 2510-kj meal compared with the 5020-kj meal for both the control (mean (se), 76 (17) vs 158 (19) kj.2h-1, p less than 0.01), and prior exercise (124 (23) vs 197 (24) kj.2h-1, p less than 0.01) trials. However, the same increment in tef was 31 percent lower when the 5020-kj meal was given in two portions compared with one (281 (30) vs 369 (41) kj.4h-1, p less than 0.05). No difference in tef was found between the first and second 2510-kj portion. The results suggest that potentiation of tef by prior exercise is not influenced by caloric density or energy content of the meal. rather, meal volume and hence meal frequency is a greater determinant of postexercise tef.