combining a crunch
with a reverse crunch, in which both the
shoulders and the pelvis and lower limbs
are simultaneously lifted off the floor, is
most effective for activation of external
oblique muscles. Contrary to common belief,
the combined crunch activates external
oblique muscles more than the twist
crunch. Actually, EMG data shows that
even the reverse crunch activates the external
obliques more than the twist crunch
(Willett et al 2001).(Kurz, 2004)
Crunches on movable surfaces—for example,
on a Swiss ball—make both the
upper rectus abdominis, lower rectus abdominis,
and external and internal obliques
tense more than crunches on the floor,
mainly due to the need to stabilize the trunk
(Clark, Holt, and Sinyard 2003; Vera-Garcia,
Grenier, and McGill 2000).
Juker et al (1998) evaluated
several isometric abdominal exercises
for maximizing abdominal muscle activation
while minimizing activity of the hip
flexors. The best turned out to be a sideways
balance position with support on the
elbow and side of foot, with the body kept
board straight (isometric side support).
This exercise stresses mainly the external
obliques.